Radisson cruises and company Sarnival cruises Sea Cruises
Radisson cruises and company Sarnival cruises
Sea Cruises
Company Radisson cruises and company Sarnival cruises offer the best ocean Vermuda cruise
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We offer a wide range of cruises:
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• River Cruises in Russia (River Cruise from St. Petersburg)
• Cruises on European rivers
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• Rental of yachts and ships
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In our catalog: “useful information” you can find detailed information on how to book a cruise, what is its specificity, what documents are needed for reservations, read reviews, and experienced cruiser, and those who went on a cruise for the first time, and much more.
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - an independent state in the Caribbean Sea, part of the Commonwealth of Nations.
The territory consists of the island of Saint Vincent and 32 small islands of the Grenadines (in the archipelago of the Lesser Antilles).
Area - 389 km ². Population - 118 thousand people (in 2008). Capital - Kingstown.
History
Island of St Vincent was discovered by Christopher Columbus on Jan. 22, 1498, in St. Day. Vincent.
By the time of opening the island was inhabited: it first settled by Arawak Indians, crossed from the territory of the South American continent around the III century, then they were conquered by the warlike Caribs Indians.
Since the beginning of colonization of the island Caribs put up fierce resistance to the Spaniards, who owned the island until 1627. The resistance of the Indians with great difficulty was suppressed much later than in other areas of the region - only in the middle of the XVIII century.
In the XVII-XVIII centuries, Saint Vincent alternately passed under the control of Great Britain and France. From 1719 the French began to grow where coffee trees, tobacco, indigo and cotton. To this end, in large numbers were imported slaves from Africa, intermarried with the Indians, who formed a layer of “black Caribs (Garifuna). Later, after the abolition of slavery by the British in 1834 to work on the plantation was involved in employed labor from India and Portugal. All this resulted in a very colorful ethno-racial composition of the population of the islands.
The British captured the island in 1763, and since 1783 the island on the Versailles Peace Treaty became a British colony. The British continued to actively create and deliver the plantation slaves.
In 1795 the French inspired rebellion “black” and “Yellow” Caribs, accompanied by murder of many English settlers and the destruction of plantations. France once again captured St Vincent, but not for long: in 1796, landed on the island of the British landing, and the French were defeated. Over 5 thousand Black Caribs were deported to Honduras. The remaining Caribs did not pose a danger to the British.
From 1838 the islands were part of the British colony of the Windward Islands. At this time the island’s economy went into decline, due to the abolition of slavery in 1834 and left after the negroes from the plantations (instead of them and began to deliver working Indians and Portuguese), and also because a number of powerful hurricanes and eruption of Soufriere Hills volcano.
In 1951, introduced universal suffrage, from 1958 to 1962, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines were in the West Indies Federation. In 1969, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines have the status of “associated state” with the right to full internal self-government. Fully independent state within the British Commonwealth began Oct. 27, 1979.
By this time, agricultural production is fully recovered from the recession of the early century, and again looked out on the leading position in the region. However, a number of natural disasters in the late 1970’s, 1980’s again strongly undermined his position. In the 1990’s because of the frequent troubles in agriculture, it was decided as the main branches of the economy to develop tourism.
Political structure
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth, led by the Queen of Great Britain. The Constitution, which entered into force in 1979, since the country gained its independence. Head of State is the Queen of Great Britain, represented by Governor-General.
Executive power is exercised by the government headed by the Prime Minister, leader of the winning political party, which claims the governor-general.
Legislative power is vested in parliament - the House of Assembly (consists of 6 senators, appointed by the Governor - 4 from the ruling party and 2 from the opposition, and 15 deputies, elected by the people on the 5-year term).
The main parties (the results of elections in December 2005):
Unity Labor Party (left, 4 senators and 12 deputies in the Parliament);
New Democratic Party (centrist, 2 senators and 3 seats in parliament).
Referendum 2009
November 25 citizens of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines took part in the referendum to change the Constitution, in particular, proposed to abolish the monarchy and enter the presidency. To amend the Constitution required support 67% of the population, but voted against the changes 56% of voters and the monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines preserved. [1] [2] [3]
Subdivisions
Main article Parishes of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Administratively, the state is divided into six districts, five of which are located on the island of Saint Vincent and the sixth of the island combines the Grenadines:
Saint David
Saint Patrick
Charlotte
St Andrews
Saint George
Grenadines
Geography
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is situated in the Windward group of islands, south of Saint Lucia and north of Grenada. The west is washed by the Caribbean Sea from the east - the Atlantic Ocean (the total length of the coastline of the island of Saint Vincent - 84 km).
The territory consists of relatively large island of Saint Vincent and about 30 small islands in the group Northern Grenadines (Bequia, Mustique, Petit Mustique, Canouan, Petit Canouan, Balis, Sava, Union, Mayreau, Palm Island, Petit - Nevis, Ile-la-Quattro, Pidzhen Island, etc.), as well as reefs Tobago. The total area of islands - 389,3 km ², of which St. Vincent - 344 km ², Grenadines - 45,3 km ².
Island of Saint Vincent is of volcanic origin. Coast of St. Vincent formed a narrow lowlands, with the windward side of it is very rocky, while the leeward side is formed by many nearly flat, sandy beaches and bays.
Northern third of the island is occupied by a vast mountain range formed by the slopes of the active Soufriere Hills volcano (1234 m). This is one of the oldest volcanoes in the region - its age is estimated at approximately 60 million years, only for our era, he has erupted at least 160 times. Recently, the Soufriere Hills eruption occurred in 1718, 1812, 1902 and 1979. To the south of it is a chain of gradually diminishing cones of extinct volcanoes. Its slopes (steep west and more gently sloping east) is covered by dense tropical rain forests and numerous mountain streams form a complex system of rivers and lakes (even in a small volcanic crater lake). Many river flows were interrupted by volcanic activity, so the slopes are often “dry river, whose bed was blocked by lava flows.
Map of Saint Vincent and GrenadinTsentralnaya part of the island is covered with forests, it is formed by low ridges of mountains, dissected by deep and fertile valleys, many of which are topped cones at the side vents, Soufriere, like the valley of Mesopotamia and restricting it from the north peak Bonhomme (970 m).
The beaches of the island are covered with black volcanic sand, with the exception of white sandy beaches on the southern tip of the island.
Islands archipelago Grenadines feature small size, they also have a volcanic origin. This group of tiny rocky islands and reefs stretching from the main island to the south, barely rises above the water surface (maximum height of - 6 m). The biggest of them - Bequia, has an area of 18 km ², and the smallest - unnamed reef between Carioca and unions - only 1,5 m ². Many of the Grenadines islands are dry and covered with only bushes, and very few have their own sources of fresh water or permanent residents. Often surrounded by coral reefs.
Tobago Cays are coralline origin and represent a chain of tiny islands with a total area of several acres each. The vegetation is mainly grass, some of the same island and at all dry and barren.
The climate is tropical trade wind, damp. Sredniemesyachnye temperatures vary little throughout the year and ranged from 24 to 28 ° C. The average annual rainfall of 1500 mm (on the south-east coast) to 3750 mm (on the mountain slopes, especially in the northern part).
The highest rainfall (70%) falls in the period May-July to November. July - The wettest month of the year, at this time the rain comes, on average about 26 days. Not rare and severe hurricanes. The dry season lasts from December to April-June, and April is the driest month of the year - no more than six rainy days.
Rich fauna of birds (the parrot endangered St. Vincent Amazon, a rare subspecies ryzhegorlogo hermit thrush, etc.). The coastal waters abound with fish, crustaceans and molluscs. On the islands for conservation of forest and there are several bird sanctuaries ....
Economy
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines intensively developed as one of the elite centers of tourism in the region, relying on the exclusive private resorts and active forms of recreation. Especially developed tourism on the islands of Saint Vincent and Bequia. It is also an important financial center of the West Indies, attracting banks tax breaks. Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is classified as “flags of convenience”, so there are about 20 countries worldwide.
In agriculture the main crops bananas (37% of export earnings); also grown sugar cane, cocoa, vegetables, tobacco, cassava, root crops Maranta (on the cultivation of which Saint Vincent and the Grenadines took 1 place in the world). They are produced starch arrouruta (the main producer in the world), rum, sugar, beer, dairy products, palm oil. Processing of cotton, copra.
In the industrialized production of furniture, clothing, electrical equipment assembly, manufacturing tennis rackets.
In 1999, GDP amounted to 309 million dollars, or about 2.6 thousand dollars per capita. The economic situation is worsening, due to the difficulties of banana exports, unemployment reached 22%, in connection with which the economically active population migrates to other parts of the Caribbean, as well as in Europe.
Exports: Bananas, arrowroot flour, produced from the rhizomes of Maranta, tennis rackets (in the Caribbean Community, the UK, USA).
Import: foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemical products, including fertilizers, fuel (from the U.S., the Caribbean Community, UK). Trade balance is negative. The economy is heavily dependent on external assistance.
Population
Population - 104,6 thousand (estimated at July 2009).
Annual population loss - 0.34% (high level of emigration from the country).
Birth rate - 15.3 per 1000 (Fertility - 1.98 births per woman);
Mortality rate - 6.9 per 1000;
Emigration - 11,8 in 1000.
Life expectancy - 71.8 years for men, 75.5 years for women.
Ethno-racial composition: negros 66%, mulatto 19%, Indians 6%, white 4%, Carib Indian 2%, other 3%.
The official language is English. Distributed and local language with English cryolite basis (mainly young people), Patois - Local dialect of French (the older generation).
Almost half the inhabitants of the island belongs to the Church of England (47%), among other believers - Methodist (28%), Catholics (13%), the Adventists and Hindus.
Urban population is 47%.