Radisson cruises and company Sarnival cruises Sea Cruises
Radisson cruises and company Sarnival cruises
Sea Cruises
Company Radisson cruises and company Sarnival cruises offer the best ocean Vermuda cruise
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Syria
Syria (Arabic الجمهورية العربية السورية; al-Dzhumhuriyya Al-Arabiya as-Suriya) - a state in the Middle East, bordering Lebanon and Israel in the south-west, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east and Turkey the north. Washed by the Mediterranean Sea to the west.
Syria’s population of 20.2 million people (2009). More than half of the Syrians - the Sunnis, but there exist substantial communities Shia dvunadesyatnikov, Ismailis, Nizaris and Alawite (16%), different directions of Christianity (10%) and Druze. Official language - Arabic. Since 1963, the republic is under control of the Baath Party. The modern state of Syria has a little more than 60 years, but civilization started here in the fourth millennium BC. Capital - Damascus, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. According to Baedeker, Damascus - the oldest of the existing capitals in the world today.
Dr. History
Main article: History of Syria
evnyaya Syria
Clay tablets from the archive EblyIstoriya Syrian civilization dates back at least to the fourth millennium BC Archeologists prove that Syria was the cradle of the most ancient civilizations in the world.
Map SiriiUzhe in 2400-2500 years BC. e. great Semitic empire centered Eblé stretched from the Red Sea to the Caucasus. Language of Ebla is considered the oldest in the family of Semitic languages. The library Ebla, discovered in 1975, found more than 17 thousands of clay tablets, on industry, agriculture and art. Among the leading crafts Ebla - processing of wood, ivory, pearls. In Syria, these industries are flourishing still. By the way well-known cities include age Marie, Ugarit and Dura Europos.
Syria in its history came under the dominion of the Egyptians, hanaanitov, Arameans, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Armenians, Romans, Nabataeans, Byzantines, Arabs and Crusaders, before eventually fall under the power of the Ottoman Empire. Syria occupies an important place in the history of Christianity - the Bible, Paul took the Christian faith at Antioch, which was founded the first church.
Islamic Era
Islam entrenched in Syria in 636, when Damascus became the capital of the Arab caliphate under the Umayyads. At this time, the Caliphate has been powerful state, stretching from the Iberian Peninsula to Central Asia. Damascus has become a cultural and economic center of the entire Arab world, already in the VIII century as one of the largest cities in the world. In 750 the Umayyads were overthrown by the Abbasid dynasty, after which the capital of the Caliphate moved to Baghdad.
The famous desert city of Palmyra (I-II century BC. E.
In the middle of the XIII century, Damascus became a provincial center of the Mamluk Empire. In 1400 Syria was attacked by the Tatars and Mongols. Tamerlane defeated Mamluk troops, destroyed Damascus and brought all his wealth in Samarkand. In 1517 Syria for several centuries, came under the dominion of the Ottoman Empire.
French mandate
Shortly after its defeat in World War I. The Ottoman Empire collapsed. In 1920 was based Syrian Arab kingdom centered in Damascus. King Faisal was declared from the Hashemite dynasty, who became king of Iraq. But the independence of Syria did not last long. Within months the French army invaded Syria, routed July 23 Syrian troops in the Battle of Meysalun pass. In 1922, the League of Nations decided to divide the former Syrian dominion of Turkey between Britain and France. Britain got Jordan and Palestine, while France - present territory of Syria and Lebanon (the so-called “League of Nations mandate”).
In 1936, between Syria and France signed a treaty providing for the independence of Syria, but in 1939 France refused to ratify it. In 1940, France itself was occupied by German troops, and Syria came under the control of the Vichy regime (the Governor - General Dentz). Nazi Germany, provoking a revolt Prime Minister Gailani in British Iraq, Syria sent its air force units. In June - July 1941 with the support of British forces unit of the Free France (later renamed the Free French Forces) led by General de Gaulle and Katra during the bloody conflict with the forces of Dentsu came to Syria. General de Gaulle in his memoirs, clearly indicates that events in Iraq, Syria and Lebanon were directly related to the Germanic plans for an invasion of the USSR (as well as Greece, Yugoslavia and Crete), as had the mission to distract the armed forces of allies in the minor theaters .
September 27, 1941 France granted independence to Syria, leaving his troops on its territory before the end of the Second World War. January 26, 1945, Syria declared war on Germany and Japan. In April 1946, French troops were evacuated from Syria.
[edit] Recent history
President of independent Syria became Shukri al-Kuwatli, who fought for the independence of the country still under the Ottoman Empire. In 1947, Syria began to operate parliament. The main political forces have become pro-presidential National Socialist Party of Syria (currently operates only in Lebanon), Arab Socialist Baath Party and who was then in the underground Communist Party of Syria.
In 1948, the Syrian army had limited participation in the Arab-Israeli war initiated by the Union of Arab States.
March 15, 1956 between Syria, Egypt and Saudi Arabia concluded a treaty on collective security against possible Israeli aggression.
United Arab Republic
February 22, 1958 on a wave of popularity of pan-Arab movement, Syria and Egypt were united in one state - United Arab Republic with the center in Cairo. President of the new state became the Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser, but the Syrians were also held many important posts. However, soon Nasser dissolved all Syrian political parties. In Syria, started a large-scale nationalization of agriculture, then industry and the banking sector. September 28, 1961 in Damascus, under the leadership of a group of officers there was a coup, Syria regained its independence. Nasser decided not to oppose the separatists, so UAR lasted only 3 ½ years.
Syria
Hospital Golan Kuneitra in the UN buffer zone. Revision 2006.Posle Syrian withdrawal from the confederation headed liberal country Nazim Al-Quds. He returned many nationalized enterprises to their previous owners. March 28, 1962 in the country re-coup led by the same group of army officers. Al-Quds and its Prime Minister, were arrested. After 5 days, supporters of the former regime overthrew the provisional government, and Al-Quds again became president of the country.
March 8, 1963 in Syria, once a military coup, which brought to power a party of Arab Socialist Baath Party (PASV), which is sometimes called the “Baath” (pl. “rebirth”). In 1964 we adopted a new constitution, which was assigned the leading role PASV. The country is led by Amin Hafez, who began a radical socialist reforms. In particular, it was re-nationalization of key sectors of the economy. February 23, 1966 Syria has shaken the fifth over 4 years revolution under the leadership of Salah Jedid and Hafez al-Assad. Hafez Al-Amin was overthrown, but PASV remained in power and the socialist path of development of Syria remained largely unchanged. In November 1970 as a result of “corrective movement” in PASV, headed by H. Al-Assad, Saleh Gedid group was excluded from power. Thus, Syria was the main ally of the Soviet Union in the Middle East. USSR gave Syria’s assistance in modernizing the economy and the armed forces.
In 1967 during the Six Day War, the Golan Heights occupied by Israel. In 1973 in the Yom Kippur War, Syria unsuccessfully tried to get them yourself. By decision of the UN Security Council after the 1973 war created a buffer zone between Israel and Syria. Currently the Golan controlled by Israel in 1981, but Syria has demanded their return.
In 1976, at the request of the Lebanese Government of the Syrian troops entered the country in order to stop the civil war. The war ended in 1990, then in Lebanon, established the government maintains friendly relations with Syria. Syrian troops left Lebanon only in 2005 after the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri. Syria supported Iran in the Iran-Iraq war of 1980-1988.
After the death of June 10, 2000, Hafez al-Assad, the permanent lead the country for almost 30 years, became president of his son Bashar al-Assad.
According to some reports, during the Israeli-Lebanese war in 2006, Syria has supplied weapons to Hezbollah. With this, in particular, relate to continue Syria’s strained relations with some western countries.