Radisson cruises and company Sarnival cruises Sea Cruises
Radisson cruises and company Sarnival cruises
Sea Cruises
Company Radisson cruises and company Sarnival cruises offer the best ocean Vermuda cruise
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Transnistria
Transnistria
Dniester (Dnestr Moldavian Republic) (Ukrainian Pridnistrov’ya) - unrecognized state in the south-east Europe. [1] According to the Constitution of Moldova in Transnistria is a part of the Republic of Moldova, but in fact the territory of Transnistria Moldova does not control (except for a few villages [2] [3]). The independence of Transnistria is not recognized by any country member of the UN. The total length of the Transnistrian border is 816 kilometers: 405 km of them - with Ukraine. Landlocked does not.
In the jurisdiction of Moldova, under the control of the TMR is an autonomous territorial entity with special status of Transnistria (the east bank of the Dniester River) [4], the left-bank (eastern) part of the Dubasari district, most of the municipality of Bender (including the city itself), as well as several villages Kaushansky area.
History
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Since ancient times this territory was populated tiragetami (Thracian tribe). In the early Middle Ages on the territory of modern Slavic tribes lived in Transnistria convict and Tivertsy, as well as nomadic Turks - Pechenegs and Polovtsy. For some time the area was part of Kievan Rus, and the 60-ies. XIV century - the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Northern Pridnestrovie was part of the historical region of Podolia and the southern Transnistria became part of the Golden Horde (1242), with the end of the XV century, entered the Crimean Khanate, the second half of XVIII was subordinated Kaushansky horde. By Treaty of Jassy (Jan. 9, 1792) were ceded to Russia the empire. At that time it was a sparsely populated region, whose population was mixed - mostly Moldovans, but also Ukrainians, Serbs, Bulgarians.
Since the end of XVIII century Russia Empire performs settlement in the region to protect its southwestern border. Russia’s authorities are encouraging the migration of Bulgarians in Transnistria, Russian, Germans, Armenians, Greeks and Moldovans.
Throughout the XIX century Transnistria, with the cities Grigoriopol, Dubossary and Tiraspol, Russia was part of the empire (Podolia and Kherson Province), Bender - a part of the province of Bessarabia. Bender and right-bank part of Slobozia district from 1918 to 1940 as part of Bessarabia was a part of Romania. The left bank of Transnistria since 1918 (old style - 1917) was a member of the Odessa Soviet Republic, and after the German occupation - in the Ukraine, which in 1922 joined the USSR.
1920-1940-s
Before 1940 Transnistria (no city Bender) was a part of the Ukrainian SSR. In 1924 at the initiative of GI Kotovskogo, PD Tkachenko, and others, there was established the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (MASSR) of the Ukrainian SSR. It was to be a springboard for the return of Moldovan districts, located on the right bank of the Dniester River, attached to Romania in 1918. The Soviet Union did not recognize their rejection on the grounds that, inter alia, that the Soviet demands for Bessarabia, the territory of the former province of the popular referendum on membership of this territory have been twice rejected by the Romanian side. The official languages MASSR were declared Moldovan, Ukrainian and Russian. The capital of the republic was in the Baltics, but since 1928 it moved to Birzulu (now Kotovsk), and in 1929 - in Tiraspol, which retained this function until 1940.
After Poland’s defeat in the war against Germany, the entry of Soviet troops in the western Ukraine and Belarus in September 1939 and the capitulation of France in May-June 1940, 26 June 1940 the USSR issued an ultimatum demanded that Romania’s return to the Soviet Union territory of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina and district Hertz. Without the support of France and faced with territorial claims in the west of Hungary, the royal Romania was forced to accept the ultimatum put forward by Stalin. Return of the territories of Bessarabia (with the exception of South Bessarabia, included in the Odessa region, and Northern Bessarabia, which together with Northern Bucovina and the area formed the Hertz Chernivtsi Oblast Ukraine) was attached to part MASSR and transformed into the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic with its capital in Kishinev. Balta and adjacent areas remained in the USSR, but without the autonomous status.
Following the establishment of the Moldavian Transnistria send numerous immigrants from Russia and Ukraine, helping to create local industry. The majority of industrial enterprises of the Moldavian SSR (now Moldova) was initially concentrated in Transnistria, as the economy the rest of Moldova (Bessarabia) during the stay of Romania (1918-1940) was primarily agrarian in nature and was the most backward of all the provinces of Romania [5] [6] and industrial enterprises, mainly engaged in processing agricultural products (the share of food industry products in 1937 amounted to 92,4%). [7]
House of Soviets in Tiraspol, Transnistria. In the foreground - a statue of Lenin
Great Patriotic War
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The new geopolitical situation has persisted for long - in 1941 Germany and its allies invaded the Soviet Union, and Romania was able to regain the territory adjoined a year ago, the Soviet Union. Also forming part of Greater Romania, Bessarabia and northern Bukovina, under the supervision of the Romanian administration was the whole area between the rivers Dniester and Southern Bug (including the Baltics, Vinnitsa, Odessa and right-bank part of the city of Nikolayev), called Transnistria (Zadnestrovem).
In 1944, with the release of the Red Army in the Balkans, the border had returned to the status quo at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.
Transnistria under Romanian administration
Moldavian SSR and Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic within the borders of 1940
Period after 1945
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In 1990, before the collapse of the USSR, Transdniestria gave 40% of GDP in Moldova and produced 90% of electricity, as in the urban village. Dnestrovsk was built Moldavian GRES, which was supposed to produce electricity for export to the CMEA countries.
In 1956 in the Moldavian SSR (including, in the territory of Transnistria) was placed 14 th Army. She remained here after the Soviet collapse, guarding stores of arms and ammunition - reserves created in the event of hostilities in the south-eastern theater of war in Europe. In 1984 the army headquarters was transferred from Chisinau to Tiraspol.